U.S. policymakers overlook the roles that women play in violent extremism—including as perpetrators, mitigators, and victims—and rarely enlist their participation in efforts to combat radicalization. This omission puts the United States at a disadvantage.

Incorporating lessons from the approaches pursued by other countries, the U.S. government should take a more systematic and well-resourced approach to promoting gender equality in foreign policy.

Human trafficking can fuel conflict, drive displacement, and undercut the ability of institutions to promote stability. The United States should reduce human trafficking in conflict and terrorism-affected contexts while promoting peace and stability.

Sexual violence in conflict is not simply a gross violation of human rights—it is also a security challenge. It fuels displacement, weakens governance, and destabilizes communities, imperiling long-term stability.